化合物3：白色无定形粉末。1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δH: 6.26 (1H, brs, H-1), 5.34 (1H, t, H-12), 2.90 (1H, dd, H-18), 2.79 (1H, m, H-6a), 2.40 (1H, m, H-6b), 2.28 (2H, m, Ha-11), 2.15 (1H, m, Hb-11), 1.99 (1H, m, Ha-16), 1.96 (3H, s,H-24), 1.83 (1H, m, Ha-15), 1.81 (1H, m, H-9), 1.72 (1H, m, Ha-19), 1.64 (2H, m, Ha-7), 1.61 (1H, m, Hb-16), 1.53 (2H, m, H-22), 1.52 (1H, m, Hb-7), 1.37 (2H, m, Ha-21), 1.30 (3H, s, H-25), 1.13 (1H, m, Hb-15), 1.12 (1H, m, Hb-19), 1.21 (1H, m, Hb-21), 1.12 (3H, s, H-26), 1.04 (3H, s, H-27), 0.95 (3H, s, H-30), 0.89 (3H, s, H-29), 13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3) δC: 183.2 (C-3), 182.3 (C-28), 167.8 (C-5), 146.4 (C-2), 145.8 (C-13), 127.6 (C-1), 127.6 (C-4), 123.2 (C-12), 47.9 (C-17), 47.0 (C-19), 46.7 (C-9), 44.8 (C-10), 43.8 (C-14), 43.0 (C-18), 35.7 (C-7), 34.9 (C-21), 33.8 (C-22), 31.6 (C-20), 29.2 (C-15), 26.6 (C-21), 25.9 (C-6), 25.8 (C-27), 24.1 (C-16), 23.9 (C-30), 21.8 (C-25), 17.6 (C-26), 10.7 (C-24)。通过与文献数据[8]仔细对比，最终确定该化合物为2-羟基-3-氧-24-降型-1,4,12-三烯-28-齐墩果烷酸.
化合物4：白色粉末。1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δH: 3.14 (1H, dd, J=4.5 and 10 Hz, H-3), 5.20 (1H, t, J=3.5 Hz, H-12), 2.74 (1H, dd, J=1.5 and 10 Hz, H-18), 0.70 (3H, s, CH3-23), 0.71 (3H, s, CH3-24), 0.86(3H, s, CH3-25), 0.88 (3H, s, CH3-26), 0.93 (3H, s, CH3-27), 0.92 (3H, s, CH3-29), 1.07(3H, s, CH3-30).13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3) δC: 38.8 (C-1), 27.6 (C-2), 79.6 (C-3), 39.1 (C-4), 55.6 (C-5), 18.7 (C-6), 33.8 (C-7), 39.6 (C-8), 48.0 (C-9), 37.4 (C-10), 23.4 (C-11), 122.8 (C-12), 143.7 (C-13), 41.5 (C-14), 28.1 (C-15), 23.8 (C-16), 46.8 (C-17), 42.0 (C-18), 45.6 (C-19), 30.1(C-20), 33.4 (C-21), 33.1 (C-22), 28.5 (C-23), 16.0 (C-24), 15.7 (C-25), 17.5 (C-26), 26.3(C-27) 181.4 (C-28), 34.2 (C-29), 23.9 (C-30)。通过与文献数据[11]仔细对比，最终确定该化合物为齐墩果酸。
化合物5：1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δH: 5.35 (1H, s, H-12), 3.46 (1H, t, J=8.4 Hz, H-3), 0.77 (3H, s, CH3-23), 0.89(3H, s, CH3-25), 0.94 (3H, s, CH3-26), 0.96 (3H, s, CH3-27), 1.12 (3H, s, CH3-29), 1.25(3H, s, CH3-30).13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3) δC: 38.8 (C-1), 28.6 (C-2), 79.9 (C-3), 43.1 (C-4), 56.6 (C-5), 18.9 (C-6), 33.7 (C-7), 39.9 (C-8), 48.3 (C-9), 37.1 (C-10), 24.4 (C-11), 122.6 (C-12), 144.7 (C-13), 42.0 (C-14), 28.4 (C-15), 23.8 (C-16), 46.4 (C-17), 42.3 (C-18), 46.6 (C-19), 31.1(C-20), 34.5 (C-21), 33.8 (C-22), 23.5 (C-23), 64.5 (C-24), 15.8 (C-25), 17.4 (C-26), 26.2(C-27) 180.4 (C-28), 33.2 (C-29), 23.7 (C-30)。通过与文献数据[12]仔细对比，最终确定该化合物为异常春藤皂甙元。
化合物6：1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δC: 5.26 (1H, m, H-12), 4.05 (1H, d, J=11.0 Hz, H-24b), 3.77 (1H, m, H-2), 3.38 (1H, d, J=11.0 Hz, H-24a), 3.03 (1H, d, H-3), 2.81 (1H, dd, H-18), 1.01 (3H, s, H-30), 0.98 (3H, s, H-29), 0.91 (3H, s, H-27), 0.83 (3H, s, H-23). 13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3) δC: 47.8 (C-1), 69.8 (C-2), 85.9 (C-3), 43.6 (C-4), 57.2 (C-5), 20.1 (C-6), 34.3 (C-7), 40.6 (C-8), 49.5 (C-9), 39.4 (C-10), 24.9 (C-11), 123.4 (C-12), 145.4 (C-13), 42.9 (C-14), 28.7 (C-15), 24.3 (C-16), 47.8 (C-17), 42.7 (C-18), 47.5 (C-19), 32.0 (C-20), 35.2 (C-21), 33.8 (C-22), 23.9 (C-23), 66.4 (C-24), 17.8 (C-25), 17.5 (C-26), 26.6 (C-27), 181.8 (C-28), 24.2 (C-29), 33.7 (C-30)。通过与文献数据[13]仔细对比，最终确定该化合物为2α,3β,24-三羟基齐墩果-12-烯-28-酸。
化合物7：白色无定形粉末。1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δH: 5.56 (1H, m, H-12), 4.73 (1H, d, H-3),4.49 (1H, m, H-2), 3.31 (1H, dd, H-18), 2.02 (3H, s, H-24), 1.61 (3H, s, H-25), 1.28 (3H, s, H-26), 1.01 (3H, s, H-27), 0.93 (3H, s, H-30), 0.80 (3H, s,H-30),13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3) δC: 44.9 (C-1), 71.3 (C-2), 75.7 (C-3), 53.7 (C-4), 52.0 (C-5), 21.3 (C-6), 33.2 (C-7), 40.1 (C-8), 48.7 (C-9), 36.8 (C-10), 23.7 (C-11), 122.4 (C-12), 144.7 (C-13), 41.9 (C-14), 28.1 (C-15), 23.7 (C-16), 46.5 (C-17), 42.2 (C-18), 46.5 (C-19), 30.7 (C-20), 34.2 (C-21), 33.2 (C-22), 180.0 (C-23), 13.5 (C-24), 16.8 (C-25), 17.2 (C-26), 26.1 (C-27), 180.8 (C-28), 33.2 (C-29), 23.7 (C-30). 通过与文献数据[14]仔细对比，最终确定该化合物为2α,3β-二羟基-12-烯-24,28齐墩果烷酸。
化合物8：白色晶体。1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δH: 5.26 (1H, s, H-12), 3.44 (1H, t, H-3), 3.22 (1H, dd, H-22), 1.44 (2H, d, H-21), 13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3) δC: 15.6 (C-24), 15.6 (C-25), 16.9 (C-26), 18.3 (C-6), 20.0 (C-28), 23.5 (C-11), 25.4 (C-27), 27.2 (C-2), 28.1 (C-23), 28.2 (C-30), 28.2 (C-15), 28.9 (C-16), 30.5 (C-20), 32.7 (C-29), 32.9 (C-7), 37.0 (C-10), 37.4 (C-17), 38.8 (C-4), 38.7 (C-1), 39.7 (C-8), 41.5 (C-21), 42.1 (C-14), 44.8 (C-18), 46.20 (C-19), 47.7 (C-9), 55.2 (C-5), 76.6 (C-22), 79.0 (C-3), 122.5(C-12), 144.0 (C-13)。通过与文献数据[15]仔细对比，最终确定该化合物为槐二醇。
化合物9：1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δH: 5.25 (1H, s, H-12), 4.20 (1H, m, H-22), 3.44 (2H, m, H-24), 3.34 (1H, m, H-3), 1.24 (3H, s, H-23), 1.15 (3H, s, H-25), 1.03 (3H, s, H-26), 1.02 (3H, s, H-27), 0.95 (3H, s, H-28), 0.91 (3H, s, H-29), 0.86 (3H, s, H-30),13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3) δC: 13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3) δC: 38.9 (C-1), 28.3 (C-2), 80.2 (C-3), 43.3 (C-4), 56.2 (C-5), 19.1 (C-6), 33.4 (C-7), 40.1 (C-8), 48.1 (C-9), 37.2 (C-10), 23.5 (C-11), 122.4 (C-12), 144.7 (C-13), 42.4 (C-14), 25.5 (C-15), 28.6 (C-16), 38.1 (C-17), 42.4 (C-18), 46.6 (C-19), 32.7 (C-20), 45.2 (C-21), 74.3 (C-22), 24.0 (C-23), 64.5 (C-24), 16.3 (C-25), 17.1 (C-26), 26.3 (C-27), 28.7 (C-28), 30.7 (C-29), 28.7 (C-30)。通过与文献数据[16]仔细对比，最终确定该化合物为大豆皂醇B。
化合物10：白色粉末。1H NMR (400 MHz, C5D5N) δH: 5.49 (1H, m, H-12), 5.10 (1H, d, H-1), 4.75 (2H, m, H-2 and H-3), 3.60 (3H, s, -COOCH3), 3.25 (1H, m, H-18), 2.01 (3H, s, H-24), 1.55 (3H, s, H-25), 1.28 (3H, s, H-26), 1.00 (3H, s, H-27), 0.93 (3H, s, H-30), 0.85 (3H, s, H-30),13C NMR (100 MHz, C5D5N) δC: 44.2 (C-1), 69.9 (C-2), 85.4 (C-3), 50.2 (C-4), 52.1 (C-5), 21.0 (C-6), 33.2 (C-7), 40.1 (C-8), 48.6 (C-9), 36.6 (C-10), 23.7 (C-11), 122.5 (C-12), 144.7 (C-13), 42.0 (C-14), 28.0 (C-15), 23.4 (C-16), 46.5 (C-17), 42.3 (C-18), 46.5 (C-19), 30.0 (C-20), 34.4 (C-21), 33.4 (C-22), 179.1 (C-23), 14.0 (C-24), 16.6 (C-25), 17.3 (C-26), 26.0 (C-27), 180.9 (C-28), 33.2 (C-29), 23.7 (C-30), 52.1 (-COOCH3), 103.8 (glc-C-1), 74.6 (glc-C-2), 77.1 (glc-C-3), 70.6 (glc-C-4), 77.1 (glc-c-5), 61.7 (glc-c-6)。通过与文献数据[17]仔细对比，最终确定该化合物为大麻药甙A。
化合物11：白色晶体。1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δH: 5.36 (1H, d, J=5.2 Hz, H-6), 5.20 (1H, m, H-22), 5.04 (1H, m, H-23), 3.50 (1H, m, H-3), 1.00 (3H, s, H-19), 0.89 (3H, s, H-21), 0.78 (3H, s, H-26), 0.75 (3H, s, H-27), 0.72 (3H, s, H-29), 0.61 (3H, s, H-18),13C NMR(400 MHz, CDCl3) δC: 37.3 (C-1), 31.9 (C-2), 71.8 (C-3), 42.4 (C-4), 140.8 (C-5), 121.7 (C-6), 31.9 (C-7), 31.9 (C-8), 50.2 (C-9), 36.5 (C-10), 21.0 (C-11), 39.8 (C-12), 42.4 (C-13), 56.9 (C-14), 24.4 (C-15), 28.7 (C-16), 56.2 (C-17), 11.8 (C-18), 19.9 (C-19), 40.3 (C-20), 21.1 (C-21), 138.2 (C-22), 129.4 (C-23), 51.3 (C-24), 31.5 (C-25), 21.3 (C-26), 18.9 (C-27), 25.4 (C-28), 11.9 (C-29)。通过与文献数据[18]仔细对比，最终确定该化合物为豆甾醇。
3、活性测定
通过96孔板对各化合物的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性进行测定。分别为酶活性组(PBS+酶+底物)，酶空白组(酶+PBS)，样品组(酶+样品+底物)，样品对照组(PBS+样品)，加缓冲液补足总体积。每组设置3个复孔，总体积为150μ L;各管加入50 μL PBS 、10 μL样品和20 μL葡萄糖苷酶溶液，37 ℃恒温反应5 min 后，各管加入底物20 μL，接着在37 ℃下继续恒温反应15 min，再加入0.2 mol/L 碳酸钠溶液50 μL 终止反应，于波长为400 nm 处测定吸光度(A)。样品对酶活性的抑制率(%)按该式计算：抑制率(%) =1- (A样品−A样品对照)/(A酶活性−A酶空白)×100%。
结果显示，化合物1、3和4具有一定的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性，IC50值分别为84.0、43.3和71.9 μM。以阿卡波糖为阳性对照，其IC50值为310.3 μM，说明大麻药在降血糖方面有一定作用，为进一步研究大麻药的降血糖功效提供了科学依据。