刘梅芳 施静 杨光至 张如意 冯斯峰 徐连杰 赵晓庆 王敏 王嘉辉
(本论文荣获“第六届兰茂论坛”优秀论文三等奖)
摘要:目的 观察针刺对脑梗死大鼠骨骼肌vimentin、desmin基因表达的影响,初步探讨针刺对脑梗死偏瘫大鼠骨骼肌的作用机制。方法 将100只SD大鼠按随机数字表法分为:A组(头部穴位组)、B组(躯体穴位组)、C组(头部+躯体穴位组)、D组(模型组)、E组(空白组),每组20只,组内再按随机数字表法分为0h、24h、48h组,每组5只。采用大脑中动脉线栓法制备大鼠脑缺血模型,将成功建立的大鼠模型,随机二次分组,每组20只,正常喂养。A组:针刺大鼠的头部穴位:百会、风府;B组:针刺大鼠躯体穴位后会、环跳、前三里、阳陵泉、后三里。C组:针刺大鼠的百会、风府、后会、环跳、前三里、阳陵泉、后三里。以上三组均针刺一次,捻转1min,平补平泻,留针30min;D组:造模后不施加任何刺激;E组:空白对照不造模,正常喂养,以上两组不予针刺。按时相在规定的骨骼肌部位(前肢肌、腓肠肌)取材并标记,采用qRT-PCR检测,得出不同时相针刺后的vimentin、desminm的mRNA表达变化情况。结果 在本次实验中,所取骨骼肌部位Vimentin及Desmin的mRNA表达均出现显著差异(P﹤0.05),其中,在前肢肌vmentin的mRNA表达中,C组在0h、24h时表达量呈较明显上调趋势。在前肢肌及腓肠肌vimentin、前肢肌及腓肠肌desmin的mRNA表达中,B组表达量在0h、24h时均呈现明显上调。A组在前肢肌Vimentin、前肢肌Desmin、腓肠肌Desmin的mRNA表达量中,在0h、24h、48h均呈现上调。D组较A组、B组、C组的前肢肌vimentin、腓肠肌vimentin、前肢肌Desmin、腓肠肌Desmin的mRNA表达量在48h时呈现明显上调。结论 该实验结果提示针刺改善脑梗死偏瘫骨骼肌肌力的机制可能是通过针刺对外周效应器的局部刺激,在改善局部功能的同时,引起中枢脑组织的修复,从而增强了外周效应器的康复,证实外周-中枢-外周的部分作用机制。
关键词:脑梗死;针刺;骨骼肌;qRT-PCR检测;vimentin;desmin
Acupuncture Impact Study on vimentin、desmin Expression in Skeletal Muscle of Cerebral Infarction Rats
LIU Meifang,SHI Jing# ,YANG Guangzhi, ZHANG Ruyi,FENG Sifeng, XU Lianjie, ZHAO Xiaoqing,WANG Min, WANG Jiahui
(1Yunnan Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650021. 2Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Kunming,650500 )
ABSTRACT Objective To observe the effect of acupuncture on the expression of vimentin and desmin genes in skeletal muscle of cerebral infarction rats, and to investigate the mechanism of acupuncture on skeletal muscle of cerebral infarction hemiplegic rats. Methods 100 SD rats were divided into A group (head acupoint group), B group (body acupoint group), C group (head + body acupoint group), D group (model group) and E group (blank group) with 20 rats in each group according to the random number table method. According to the random number table, the group was divided into groups of 0h, 24h and 48h, with 5 in each group. According to the random number table, the group was divided into groups of 0h, 24h and 48h, with 5 in each group. Middle cerebral artery thread fasten method was be adopted for preparing rats model of cerebral ischemia, and successful building rats model were be selected and secondary random grouping with 20 rats in each group with normal feeding. Then, group A were accepted scalp acupuncture needling as (GV20) and (GV16) and retaining needle for 30 minutes, once a day. Group B were accepted acupuncture needling as(LI10)、(ST36)、(GV19)、(GB30)and(GB34),retaining needle for 30minutes, once a day. Group C were accepted acupuncture needling as (GV20)、(GV16)、(LI10)、(GV19)、(GB30)、(GB34)and (ST36) retaining needle for 30 minutes, once a day. Group D haven't been imposed by any stimulus after building ischemia model. Group E be used as blank group without building ischemia model just by normal feeding. The above two groups were not acupuncture. The gene expression changes of vimentin and desmin were detected by qRT-PCR in skeletal muscle (foreleg muscle, gastrocnastus muscle) and labeled in time phase. Results in this experiment, the mRNA expression of Vimentin and Desmin in skeletal muscle was significantly different (P<0.05), among which, the mRNA expression of vmentin in forelimb muscle in group C was significantly up-regulated at 0h and 24h. In the mRNA expression of anterior limb muscle and gastrocnastus muscle vimentin, anterior limb muscle and gastrocnastus muscle desmin, the expression level of group B was significantly up-regulated at 0h and 24h. In group A, mRNA expression levels of Vimentin, Desmin and Desmin of anterior limb muscles were up-regulated at 0h, 24h and 48h. mRNA expression levels of anterior limb muscle vimentin, gastrocnastus muscle vimentin, anterior limb muscle Desmin and gastrocnastus muscle Desmin in group D were significantly up-regulated at 48h compared with those in group A, group B and group C.Conclusion The results suggest that the mechanism of acupuncture to improve skeletal muscle strength of hemiplegic patients with cerebral infarction may be the local stimulation of external peripheral effectors through acupuncture, which can lead to the repair of central brain tissue while improving local function, thus enhancing the rehabilitation of peripheral effectors and confirming the partial mechanism of peripheral - central - peripheral effect.
KEYWORDS:Cerebral Infarction,Acupuncture Needling,Skeletal Muscle,qRT-PCR Detection, Vimentin,Desmin
脑梗死已成为威胁人类健康的重大疾病[1],脑梗死导致的上运动神经元损害表现多样,偏身骨骼肌肌力减弱是脑梗死患者骨骼肌的变化之一,在骨骼肌收缩过程中,Vmentin及Desmin在维持肌肉细胞的骨架及细胞骨架的完整程度方面亦有一定作用。有研究运用无标记质谱联用比较免疫印迹技术,能够在肌肉受损及肌肉的轻度退化中的对比鉴定出vimentin等蛋白的显著改变[2],对研究小鼠肌肉收缩功能恢复与Vmentin的关系提供了佐证。Desmin为中等径细胞骨架纤维,对细胞结构的支撑、细胞形状的决定及细胞机械强度的赋予等有重要作用 [3]。高张力的机械牵拉会使细胞骨架的正常结构受到影响,进而造成肌肉收缩蛋白的结构破坏 [4-6] 。故在本研究中选取以上2个基因观察针刺介入治疗后mRNA的表达情况。本实验在建立脑梗死大鼠模型的基础上,运用qRT-PCR检测法,观察针刺对脑梗死大鼠不同骨骼肌中Vimentin及Desmin基因的表达,以期进一步探讨针刺治疗脑梗死的机制。
1 资料与方法
1.1动物 雄性Sprague-Dawley(SD)大鼠,体重120g,清洁级,共100只,由浙江省实验动物中心提供,并在本中心完成动物实验,大鼠生产许可证:SCXK(浙)2014-0001;大鼠使用许可证:SYXK(浙)2014-0008,实验前适应性喂养1周,饲养于温度18~26℃、湿度55%的环境中,自然光照。对动物的各项处理方式均按当地动物管理委员会相关伦理学规定进行。
1.2主要试剂 Trizol柱纯化总RNA试剂盒(simgen)、Fast 1st strand cDNA Synthesis Kit(with gDNase)(simgen)、2×SYBR Green PCR Mix(simgen)、50×ROX Reference Dye(simgen)。
1.3主要仪器 水浴锅(XMTD-6000,上海宜昌仪器纱筛厂);离心机(5452,德国eppendorf股份公司);ABI PRISM®7000荧光PCR仪(7000,美国ABI公司);漩涡振荡仪(XH-C,金坛市医疗仪器厂)。
1.4模型制备 采用孟宜良的线拴法制作大鼠大脑中动脉局灶性脑缺血模型[7],造模后的动物在自然苏醒后,参照Zea-Longa的5级评分标准对其障碍进行评分[8],筛选合格模型进行实验。
1.5动物分组与处理 按随机数字表法分为:A组(头部穴位组)、B组(躯体穴位组)、C组(头部+躯体穴位组)、D组(模型组)、E组(空白组),每组20只,组内再按随机数字表法分为0h、24h、48h组,每组5只。五组大鼠均正常喂养。
1.6针刺方法 取穴和针刺手法参照华兴邦等研制的《大鼠穴位图谱》[9], 选取“百会”、“风府”、“大椎”、“前三里”、“后三里”等穴。针刺操作:“百会”向后斜刺2mm,“风府”向下方斜刺2mm,“后三里”直刺7mm,“前三里”直刺5mm,“环跳”直刺7mm,“后会”斜刺2mm,“阳陵泉”直刺5mm。针具选用佳健牌25号1寸一次性无菌针灸针;进针后捻转1min,平补平泻,每次留针30min。
1.7取材与检测方法 各组针刺治疗结束后,在对应时间点处死大鼠,取下前肢肌、腓肠肌针刺局部的骨骼肌,放入液氮中,随转移到-80℃冰箱中保存待测。采用反转录酶对提取的RNA进行反转录处理;采用聚合酶及引物对反转录的RNA进行qRT-PCR检测。
采用定量法提取大鼠骨骼肌组织进行异丙醇处理:(1)RNA提取:将大鼠骨骼肌标本按Trizol试剂盒(simgen)操作说明提取RNA。(2)合成cDNA:将提取得到的RNA,各取2µg用于反转录,按照说明操作,-20℃冻存。(3)PCR扩增:以一个样本的cDNA稀释后作为标准品做基因的定量PCR,扩增条件为95℃,1min变性,95℃,5s,60℃,33s,共40个循环,最后是72℃,10min延伸。(4)引物:Vimentin正向引物5’-TGAGATCGCCACCTACAGGA-3’5’-ACAATGCTTCTCTGGCAC GTCT-3’;Desmin正向引物5’-TCACTCAACGAGGAGATTGCAT-3’5’-CATTGAGACCCGGGATG GAG-3’;内参β-actin 正向引物5’-CCCATCTATGAGGGTTACGC-3’5’-TTTAATGTCACGCACGA TTTC-3’;(5)使用实时荧光定量PCR检测。反应结束后,根据测得的样品阈值(Ct)及标准曲线,求出待测样品的相对起始浓度,用目的基因的相对起始拷贝数除以相应的β-actin的相对起始拷贝数得到目的基因表达的相对值。
1.8统计分析 数据采用SPSS 22.0 统计软件进行分析,以P﹤0.05为差异有显著性。计量资料以均数±标准差(±s)表示。多组间比较采用单因素方差分析(one-way ANOVA),组间两两比较选择LSD法进行比较。
2 结果
大鼠骨骼肌中vimentin及desminA的qRT-PCR产物均出现非特异性扩增,并且扩增产物符合设计长度。以样本cDNA稀释后求得的β-actin的扩增标准曲线斜率为-3.366,相关系数为-0.996,模板浓度对数值与Ct之间呈良好的线性关系。
2.1前肢肌中vimentin的表达
见表1,结果显示,与模型组比较,三个治疗组中Vimentin的mRNA表达量均有明显变化,头部穴位加躯体穴位治疗组在0h,24h有显著性差异(P﹤0.001),较其余组别呈明显上调。躯体穴位组在0h,24h有显著性差异(P﹤0.001),表达量相对上调。
表1 前肢肌vimentin的mRNA表达比较
组别
|
0h
|
24h
|
48h
|
|
对照组
|
21274±2008
|
|||
模型组
|
4848±743***
|
5612±1357***
|
9551±2003***
|
|
头部穴位组
|
2485±169***▲▲▲
|
4709±165***
|
8436±1018***
|
|
躯体穴位组
|
7233±317***▲▲▲
|
11343±1615****▲▲▲
|
7073±1995***
|
|
头部穴位+躯体穴位组
|
11766±1325***▲▲▲
|
33840±4084***▲▲▲
|
8489±845***
|